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When kidney disease strikes and damages the renal parenchyma, this is referred to as renal parenchymal injury. A kidney is made up of the renal pelvis and parenchyma. The two components of the parenchyma, the renal medulla and the renal cortex, are responsible for maintaining equilibrium within the body. In the renal parenchymal region of each kidney, there are tens of thousands of nephrons. Nephrons are made up of tubules and glomeruli, which are tiny blood arteries that filter blood throughout the body. The damage that develops in the renal parenchyma is referred to as renal parenchymal disease. If this damage worsens unchecked, the kidneys' capacity to remove waste from the blood is compromised, leading to a variety of symptoms.